Artemisia absinthium naturally grows in uncultivated fields and roadsides, on rocky slopes, preferring arid, non-acidic ground, loam or sandy loam, rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, often forms colonies.Ĭultivated plantations of wormwood can be exploited up to 10 years, and raw material can be harvested twice a year. The plant has been naturalized in North and South America, North and West Asia, New Zealand, the Azores etc. Wormwood is native to temperate regions, its habitats ranging from Europe, Scotland, Scandinavia, to the Mediterranean sea, to far south up to north Africa, in the East up to Siberia and northern India. The plant is easily propagated by division or cutting of roots, or by ripped seeds in the autumn. The aerial parts of wormwood have a strong characteristic odor, while the root has a warm and aromatic taste. One plant can produce up to 100,000 of seeds. The seeds are long (up to 1 mm), cylindrical, flat, and gray-brown in color. The ripe fruit of wormwood, being a small achene, is not crowned by a tuft of hairs or pappus, so is dispersed by gravity. The above-ground parts die at the end of the growing season. The flowering period is from July to September or even October. The wormwood rhizomes are fibrous, taproot is short, twiggy, with many shoots and covered by silky hairs as overground parts of the plant. Flowering tops are branched with numerous light yellow flowers. Leaves and stems of the plant are covered with fine silky hairs that give a grayish tint. The leaves are silvery-green, long (the basal leaves up to 20 cm in length and 3–7 cm in broad), spirally arranged, divided two or three times into deeply lobed leaflets, bearing EO-producing glands. The stems are straight and firm, woody at the base, growing up to 0.5–1.1 m (sometimes to 1.5 m in height or even larger), branched and leafy. The plant is herbaceous and perennial with a strong sage odor. Wormwood is also known by common names such as in Engl.: green ginger, grand wormwood, American or Western wormwood, Madder wort, wormwood sage in French: Absinth (e), Armoise Amère, Herbe aux Vers, Herbe d′Absinthe, Herbe Sainte, in German: Wermut, Wermutkraut, Bitterer Beifuβ. The origin of the word Artemisia is most probably from the Greek goddess Artemis, while absinthium is from the ancient Greek (or borrowed from ancient Persian language) word ἀψíνθιoν (absinthion).
(wormwood) is a species of the genus Artemisia, one of the largest and most widely distributed (containing up to 500 species) from the family Asteraceae (synonym: Compositae), tribe Anthemideae. Asta Judžentienė, in Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety, 2016 Botanical AspectsĪrtemisia absinthium L.
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